Care, Size, Lifespan, Tank Mates and more! (2023)

Origin, appearance, size and shelf life

The Pygmy Corydoras, or Corydoras pygmaeus, is a favorite freshwater fish thatnative to the Upper Amazon basin of South America. You can usually find them in the tributaries of the Rio Madera and Rio Negro, which run through Brazil and Colombia.

In the wild, Pygmy Corydoras are often found in slow, shallow waters with lots of plants. These plants not only provide hiding places but also serve as a source of food, while dark riverbeds bring out their muted colors. These social fish thrive in groups of at least six, but it is not uncommon to see them in schools of 20 to 30 or more.

Their natural environment consists of warm, soft and acidic water. The temperature is usually between 72 and 79 degrees Fahrenheit (22 to 26 degrees Celsius), with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5 and water hardness between 2 and 12 dGH. To create a similar environment in your aquarium, maintain a constant water temperature, use a high-quality filtration system, and include live plants and driftwood.

By closely mimicking the natural habitat of Pygmy Corydoras and maintaining proper water conditions, you are preparing your fish for a healthy and fulfilling life in your aquarium.

Pygmy Corydoras are known for their small size, having a silvery body with a black horizontal stripe running from their snout to their tail. These subdued colors make them a subtle yet attractive addition to aquariums. Despite being small,reaching up to about 1.2 inches (3 cm) in size, their lively demeanor makes them an attractive choice for those looking for an active, exciting aquatic look. These delightful fish bring joy to observers as they playfully run along the bottom of the tank, making them a firm favorite among hobbyists of all experience levels.

With proper care,Pygmy Corydoras can enjoy a lifespan of up to four years. As social creatures, they thrive in groups and are best kept in schools of at least six individuals.To promote their welfare and ensure their longevity in captivity, it is critical to provide a richly planted aquarium with plenty of hiding places, as well as a varied diet consisting of top quality pellets, flakes and frozen foods.

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fun facts

Now that we have learned more about the appearance and lifespan of Pygmy Corydoras, in this section we will highlight some fascinating facts about these charming fish that make them stand out in the aquarium hobby. From their small size to their social behavior, Pygmy Corydoras are full of surprises and are sure to enchant any aquarium.

• The size matters:In the wild, Pygmy Corydoras are one of the smallest members of the Corydoras family. Their small size allows them to navigate dense vegetation and avoid predators more easily than their larger counterparts.
• Defense Mechanism:Pygmy Corydoras possess a unique defense mechanism called odontoid processes. These are sharp, mobile spines on their cheeks that can be extended when they feel threatened, making it difficult for predators to swallow.
• Air Ducts:Unlike many other fish, Pygmy Corydoras have the ability to breathe atmospheric air. They have a modified gut that allows them to extract oxygen from the air, which helps them survive in low-oxygen environments or when water quality is poor.
• Acrobatic swimming:Pygmy Corydoras display a playful and acrobatic swimming style, often jumping up and down in the aquarium. This engaging demeanor makes them a delightful addition to companion tanks and a source of entertainment for their owners.
• Team Dynamics:Pygmy Corydoras are social fish that prefer to live in groups. They are often seen swimming and foraging together, making a fascinating display in an aquarium. Their lively interactions and active behavior make them a popular choice among hobbyists.

Now that you've discovered some interesting details about Pygmy Corydoras, you'll be better prepared to appreciate their charm and complexity in your tank. In the next section, we will make recommendations on tank setups so that your Pygmy Corydoras have an ideal environment in which to thrive and display their lovable qualities.

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Recommended tank settings

Each setup includes the essential components - tank, filter, heater, lighting, substrate and more - to ensure you can create a suitable environment for Pygmy Corydoras and other compatible freshwater fish species in your aquarium. As you move from budget-friendly to premium settings, you also have more options for customization, aesthetics, and advanced features. Pygmy Corydoras are social fish and should be kept in groups of at least six to reduce stress and ensure their welfare. Typically, Pygmy Corydoras cost between $2 and $4 per fish, although prices can vary depending on factors such as size, quality, and availability.

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Budget-friendly setup (around $200):

• Tank:10-gallon aquarium with hood or glass cover ($20-$50)
• Filter:Hung On Back (HOB) or Sponge Filter rated 10 gallons ($10 - $25)
• Heating:25-50 Watt Adjustable Aquarium Heater ($10-25)
• Relief:Basic LED Aquarium Light ($15 - $40)
• Substrate:Inexpensive aquarium sand or small gravel ($5 - $15)
• Decor:A few pieces of driftwood and rocks, along with inexpensive live plants like Java Fern and Anubias ($10-$25)
• Vis:Min 6, Max 10 Pygmy Corydoras ($15 - $25)
• Thermometer:$ 3 - $ 10
• Substrate Blank:$ 10 - $ 25
• withered:$ 2 - $ 10
• Algae scraper of the magnetic cleaner:$ 5 - $ 20
• Siphon and bucket:$ 10 - $ 25
• test kit:$ 15 - $ 50
• Seafood:$ 3 - $ 15
• Air conditioner:$ 3 - $ 10

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Mid-range setup (around $350-$500):

• Tank:15-20 gallon aquarium with hood or glass cover ($40-$90)
• Filter:Canister filter or high quality HOB filter suitable for tank size ($40 - $100)
• Heating:50-100 Watt Adjustable Aquarium Heater ($15-35)
• Relief:LED aquarium lighting with adjustable plant growth and color enhancement settings ($30 - $100)
• Substrate:Nutrient-rich aquarium substrate designed for planted tanks ($15-$30)
• Decor:A mix of driftwood, rocks and live plants such as Amazonian swordtails, Java Fern species, Anubias and Cryptocoryne ($20-$50)
• Vis:Min 6, Max 15 Pygmy Corydoras ($20 - $45)
• Thermometer:$ 3 - $ 10
• Substrate Blank:$ 10 - $ 25
• withered:$ 2 - $ 10
• Algae scraper of the magnetic cleaner:$ 5 - $ 20
• Siphon and bucket:$ 10 - $ 25
• test kit:$ 15 - $ 50
• Seafood:$ 5 - $ 20
• Air conditioner:$ 5 - $ 15

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High-end setup (over $600):

• Tank:20-30 Gallon Rimless Aquarium with Glass Cover ($70-200)
• Filter:High-quality canister filter suitable for tank size ($80-$200)
• Heating:Adjustable 75-150 Watt Aquarium Heater with External Temperature Controller ($25-60)
• Relief:Advanced LED lighting system with adjustable settings for plant growth, color enhancement and day/night cycles ($100 - $250)
• Substrate:Premium aquarium substrate designed for planted tanks, with additional root tabs for extra plant nutrition ($20-$50)
• Decor:A combination of driftwood, rocks and live plants to create a natural waterscape, with plant species such as Amazon swords, Java Fern, Anubias, Cryptocoryne species and carpet plants such as Dwarf Hairgrass or Monte Carlo ($40-$100)
• Vis:Min 6, Max 20 Pygmy Corydoras ($20 - $60)
• Thermometer:$ 3 - $ 10
• Substrate Blank:$ 10 - $ 25
• withered:$ 2 - $ 10
• Algae scraper of the magnetic cleaner:$ 5 - $ 20
• Siphon and bucket:$ 10 - $ 25
• test kit:$ 15 - $ 50
• Seafood:$ 5 - $ 20
• Air conditioner:$ 5 - $ 15

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Please note that these numbers are only recommendations and you should consider other factors such as mates and individual fish personalities when deciding how many Pygmy Corydoras to keep in your tank. Prices may vary by location, brand and availability.

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Set up your tank

In the previous section, we discussed recommended tank setups for Pygmy Corydoras and other fish. Now that you have a better understanding of the requirements, let's dive into the step-by-step process of setting up your aquarium. These steps will help you choose the perfect location for your aquarium, clean and prepare the aquarium, install the necessary equipment, and circulate the water to create a healthy environment for your fish. We also discuss the proper acclimatization process to ensure a smooth transition for Pygmy Corydoras and other fish to their new home. By following these guidelines, you'll be well on your way to creating a thriving aquatic ecosystem for your fish to thrive.

• Step 1:Choose an ideal place for your aquarium and make sure it is away from direct sunlight, heat sources and drafts. Make sure the surface is flat and stable enough to support your full container. If your aquarium requires a stand, assemble it according to the manufacturer's instructions and place the empty tank on top.
• Step 2:Clean the tank by rinsing it with clean water (avoid using soap or chemicals) to remove dust and dirt. Wipe the interior with a clean cloth or paper towel. Rinse the substrate (sand or gravel) thoroughly in a bucket until the water runs clear, then spread it evenly across the bottom of the tank, creating a slight slope back for visual depth.
• Step 3:Plan your aquarium layout before filling the tank with water, including the location of equipment such as heaters and filters. This simplifies tank setup and long-term maintenance. Install the heater and filter according to the manufacturer's instructions. If using a sponge or gravel filter, place it under the substrate before adding water.
• Step 4:Decorate the aquarium with driftwood, rocks and plants to create hiding places and a visually appealing environment, providing open swimming areas for your fish. When decorating the tank, be sure to arrange driftwood, rocks and plants so that they do not damage or interfere with the equipment. You can also anchor plants to driftwood or rocks to keep them in place.
• Step #5:Fill the tank with water treated with a water conditioner if your tap water contains chlorine or chloramines. Place a clean plate or plastic bag on the substrate to avoid disturbance during filling. Fill the tank until it is about 2/3 full. Attach the aquarium lighting to the hood or canopy according to the manufacturer's instructions. Consider using a timer for your aquarium lighting to maintain a consistent day-night cycle, which is vital for fish and plants. Connect the heater, filter and any additional equipment (air pump, CO2 system) to power sources and install the thermometer in a conspicuous place.
• Step #6:Top up the water, leaving space between the surface of the water and the top of the tank for oxygen exchange. Turn on the filter, heater and other equipment. Monitor the water temperature and adjust the heating if necessary. Circulate the tank for 4-6 weeks to establish beneficial bacteria and stabilize water parameters. During the cycling process, you can add a bacterial starter culture to speed up the establishment of beneficial bacteria in the tank. Use an aquarium test kit to check ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels.
• Step #7:After the tank has been cycled and the water parameters are stable, slowly acclimate the Pygmy Corydoras and other fish to the tank conditions before introducing them. Start by floating the unopened bag of fish in the tank for 15-20 minutes to allow the temperature to equalize. Then open the bag and add a small amount of tank water. Continue adding small amounts of water from the tank to the bag every 5-10 minutes for at least 30-60 minutes to allow the fish to gradually adjust to the new water chemistry. Use a net to gently transfer the fish from the bag to the tank, avoiding undue stress or exposure to water from the bag.
• Step #8:Once all the fish have spawned, establish a consistent daily feeding schedule, ensuring high quality food in the right amounts for your fish species. Perform regular water changes (20-30% every 1-2 weeks) and monitor water parameters using a test kit to maintain a healthy environment for your fish. Watch your fish closely for signs of stress or illness, especially during the first few weeks after introduction. Be prepared to take action if necessary, such as adjusting water parameters or seeking advice from an experienced aquarist.

By following this step-by-step guide and incorporating the additional setup tips, you can create a thriving aquatic environment that will help Pygmy Corydoras and other fish thrive in their new home.

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Recommended water parameters

To keep your Pygmy Corydoras healthy and happy, it is important to maintain certain water parameters in your aquarium. Here's an overview of what to aim for:

• Temperature:Keep water between 22°C and 26°C (72°F and 79°F) for optimal comfort.
• pH:Aim for a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, with a preference for slightly acidic conditions.
• Hardness:Soft to moderately hard water (2-15 dGH) is ideal for Pygmy Corydoras.
• Ammonia, nitrites and nitrates:Keep ammonia and nitrite at 0 ppm and keep nitrate levels below 20 ppm.
• Relief:Provide moderate lighting with shady areas and plants to avoid stress.
• Water movement:Moderate water flow is best, mimicking their natural slow-moving habitat. Be sure to test your aquarium water regularly and perform any necessary water changes to keep the environment stable.

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Routine water maintenance

Water changes are vital to a healthy Pygmy Corydoras tank. They help remove unnecessary nutrients, waste and toxins. Here's a suggested routine:

• Weekly water changes:Replace 20-25% of the tank water weekly.
• Water parameters test:Check pH, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and hardness regularly.
• Use a gravel vac:Clean the substrate during water changes.
• Dechlorinate the water:Treat tap water with a conditioner before adding it to the aquarium.
• Temperature and pH adjustment:Make sure the new water is similar to the tank water.
• Screw conditioner:Give your fish time to adjust to the new conditions after water changes. In addition to regular water maintenance, consider the following to ensure the health of your fish and the overall appearance of your tank:
• Duration of lighting monitoring:Monitor how long your aquarium lights are on each day and aim for a consistent photoperiod of 8-10 hours. Too much light can lead to excessive algae growth.
• Factory Maintenance:Trim live plants regularly to maintain their health and appearance. Remove any dead leaves or plant material to avoid water quality problems.
• Filter Maintenance:Clean or replace the filter media as recommended by the manufacturer, usually every 4-6 weeks. Do not replace all filter media at once, as this can disrupt the beneficial bacteria and lead to water quality problems.

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Diet and nutrition chart

Pygmy Corydoras are omnivores and need a varied diet. Here are some dietary guidelines:

• flakes and pellets:Use a high quality flake or pellet food designed for small demersal fish.
• Frozen and live foods:Occasionally offer blood, bay or brine shrimp.
• Vegetable matter:Provide blanched spinach, zucchini or cucumber for extra nutrients.
• Power Frequency:Feed moderate portions once or twice a day and avoid overfeeding.

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Connectionand diseases

Pygmy Corydoras can experience stress from a variety of sources, including poor water quality, aggression, or inappropriate aquarium conditions. Identifying and dealing with these stressors is essential to the health and well-being of your fish:

• Pay attention to stress signals:Watch your Pygmy Corydoras for unusual behaviors such as hiding, lethargy, loss of color, or rapid breathing, which may indicate stress.
• Check water quality:Test your aquarium water to make sure it meets the ideal parameters and do regular water changes to maintain a healthy environment.
• Watch out for your tank mates:Make sure your Pygmy Corydoras Corydoras are not harassed or attacked by other fish and remove any aggressive companions if necessary.
• Create a suitable habitat:Provide plenty of hiding places, proper lighting, and an appropriately sized aquarium for your fish.

While Pygmy Corydoras are generally hardy, they can be susceptible to some common fish diseases, including:

• I (white spot disease):A common parasitic infection that causes white spots on the body and fins, lethargy and loss of appetite. Treat Ich with aquarium salt or antiparasitic medicine and raise the water temperature to about 82°F (28°C).
• rotten end:A bacterial infection that results in frayed or discolored fins and tail. Treat fin rot with partial water changes, aquarium salt, and an antibacterial medication containing erythromycin or tetracycline.
• Velvet disease:A parasitic infection that causes a yellow or brown velvety coating on the body of the fish. Treat velvet disease with antiparasitic drugs containing copper sulfate or formalin.
• Bladder disease:A condition in which fish find it difficult to swim upright. Treat bladder disease by fasting the fish and feeding them blanched peas, and consider using an antibacterial medication if necessary.

Prevent disease in Pygmy Corydoras by maintaining excellent water quality, avoiding overfeeding, and providing a balanced diet. Quarantine new fish before adding them to the main tank and treat any signs of illness immediately.

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Fucking

Breeding Pygmy Corydoras can be a rewarding experience for dedicated hobbyists. Follow these steps to breed Pygmy Corydoras:

• Step 1:Create a suitable growing environment with a separate 5-10 gallon culture tank, pH about 6.5 to 7.0 and temperature about 24°C. Provide soft water (2-10 dGH) and add hiding places such as plants and spawning mops for fish comfort.
• Step 2:Select healthy, mature male and female Pygmy Corydoras for breeding. You can determine the gender by observing their physical characteristics and behavior.
• Step 3:Prepare the breeding pair with a high-protein diet of live or frozen foods for several weeks to help them gain strength and energy.
• Step 4:Encourage spawning by introducing the pair to the breeding tank, gradually increasing the water temperature and reducing the lighting. Add a spawning mop or leafy plants for egg deposition.
• Step #5:Take care of the eggs and fry by removing the breeding pair after spawning. Place the breeding tank in a dimly lit area, as eggs and hatchlings are sensitive to light. The eggs hatch in 3-4 days and the fry will be free swimming after a few days. Gradually increase the lighting time as the brood grows. Feed them first with infusoria or liquid fry food, then gradually introduce ground flake food.
• Step #6:Monitor brood growth and development and separate them by size if necessary to prevent larger brood from preying on smaller ones. Growing Pygmy Corydoras can be a rewarding experience for experienced hobbyists. Patience and the right conditions are the key to success.

Recommended tankmates

Here are the top 10 recommended companions for Pygmy Corydoras:

1. Dwarf Rashboras
2. Neon Tetra's
3. Heavenly Pearl Danios
4. Endler's Living End
5. Bristlenose plecos
6. Cardinal Tetras
7. Amano shrimps
8. Nerites snails
9. Harlequin Rashboras
10. Otocinclus catfish

‍It is essential to avoid large, aggressive fish such as cichlids, angelfish and predatory species as they can harm or eat Pygmy Corydoras. Observe the behavior of the new fish and make sure they are not causing stress or aggression towards the Pygmy Corydoras.

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conclusion

In summary, Pygmy Corydoras are an attractive species of freshwater fish known for their small size, peaceful nature, and easy care. These fish require specific water parameters, a balanced diet and a suitable environment to thrive in captivity. However, under the right conditions, they can live up to 3-4 years and make a fantastic addition to any aquarium. When choosing mates, it is important to choose peaceful and non-aggressive species to ensure a harmonious community. Growing Pygmy Corydoras can be a rewarding experience for experienced hobbyists, and patience and ideal conditions are the keys to success. Overall, Pygmy Corydoras are a pleasant and friendly species that can enhance any aquatic display with their charming appearance and peaceful demeanor.

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Frequent questions

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What is the ideal tank size for Pygmy Corydoras?

A tank of at least 10 gallons is recommended for a small group of Pygmy Corydoras. Choosing a larger tank is even better as it helps maintain stable water conditions and provides plenty of room for your fish to swim and explore.

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How many Pygmy Corydoras should be kept together?

Pygmy Corydoras are schooling fish, meaning they thrive in groups of at least 6-8 individuals. Keeping a larger group helps your fish feel more secure and encourages them to display their fascinating natural behaviors.

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What Water Parameters Do Pygmy Corydoras Need?

Pygmy Corydoras thrive in water temperatures between 72°F and 79°F (22°C and 26°C), pH between 6.0 and 7.5, and soft to moderately hard water with a hardness between 2 and 12 dGH.

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What do Pygmy Corydoras eat?

Pygmy Corydoras are omnivores and need a varied diet. Feed them a mixture of high-quality pellets or wafers, along with live or frozen foods such as water fleas, brine shrimp and bloodworms.

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Are Pygmy Corydoras compatible with other fish?

Yes, Pygmy Corydoras are generally peaceful and can coexist with other non-aggressive fish species of a similar size. Ideal companions are small tetras, rasboras and peaceful shrimp species.

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How Long Do Pygmy Corydoras Live?

With proper care and optimal tank conditions, Pygmy Corydoras can live 3 to 4 years.

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How do I raise Pygmy Corydoras?

Growing Pygmy Corydoras can be a rewarding experience for experienced hobbyists. Use a separate breeding tank, prepare the breeding pair with a high protein diet and provide suitable water conditions and hiding places for spawning.

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Do Pygmy Corydoras need a planted aquarium?

Although not absolutely necessary, a planted aquarium is highly recommended for Pygmy Corydoras. Live plants provide hiding places, improve water quality and create a more natural environment that closely resembles their native habitat.

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Can Pygmy Corydoras change color?

Indeed, Pygmy Corydoras can undergo color changes due to various factors such as stress, disease or changes in water conditions. If you see your Pygmy Corydoras exhibiting color loss, it is important to examine the water parameters and closely monitor their health.